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The History
Earliest media of exchange
“Tumbaga Saga” Treasure of the Conquistadores in Mexico
Carlos and Joanna
The Carlos and Joanna Coinage, 1536-1571
Early Series coinage
Early Series: Assayers R, P, F and G (1536-1548)
Assayer R Three Reales
Assayer R Eight Reales
Assayer P issues
Late Series coinage
Late Series punches
Late Series, Assayers G, R and A (1544-1548)
Late Series, Assayers L and S (1558)
Late Series, Assayers L and O (1561-1578)
Copper maravedis
Similarity of Die Details Between the Mainland Spanish Mints and the Mexico City Mint in the Early 1500s
Cob coinage
Cob coinage
The Coinage of Philip II (1556-1598) and Philip III (1598-1621)
Philip II (1556-1598)
Philip III (1598-1621)
Philip III ½ real
Philip III 1 real
Philip III 2 reales
Philip III 4 reales
Philip III 8 reales
Philip IV (1621-1665)
Charles II (1665-1700)
Assayers B and P (1634-1677)
Assayers L and J (1677-1723)
The Jeweled Cross Series (1679-1699)
Philip V
Assayers during the reigns of Philip V and Louis I (1700-1746)
Puzzling changes in the Cross and Tressure Designs on Mexican Escudos (1711-1714)
Varieties of the 1714 Mexico City 8 Escudos
The Mxo and Mx Variations in the Mexican Mintmark
When did the Mexico City Mint produce its last gold Cobs?
Louis I (1724)
Coinage of Louis I
Cobs and the Maritime Silk Road: a Survey of Cobs found in Yemen
Royals
Royals - ½ real
Royals - 1 real
Royals - 2 reales
Royals - 4 reales
Royals – 8 reales
Royals - 1 escudo
Royals - 2 escudos
Royals – 4 escudos
Royals - 8 escudos
Pillar coinage (1732 - 1771)
Pillar coinage
Design elements of the Pillar coinage
Assayers of the Mexico City mint during the Columnario (pillar) coinage (1732-1771)
Philip V
Silver Pillar coinage of Philip V
Philip V half reales
Transitional Philip V 8 Reales (1732-1734)
Philip V 8 Reales
Gold milled coinage of Philip V
Mintage for Philip V
Ferdinand VI (1746 - 1759)
Silver coinage of Ferdinand VI
Ferdinand VI half reales
Gold coinage of Ferdinand VI
Coinage for Ferdinand VI
Charles III (1759- 1788)
Silver coinage of Charles III
Charles III half reales
The copper issues dated 1768 and 1769
Gold Coinage of Charles III
Coinage for Charles III
A proposal for fractional coinage by Agustín de Coronas
Bust or portrait coinage (1772 - 1821)
Bust or portrait coinage
Assayers of the Mexico City mint during the Bust coinage (1772-1821)
Bust or portrait silver coinage of Charles III
Mexico City 1778 Half Real FF/M: addition to catalog
Charles IV
Silver coinage of Charles IV
Gold coinage of Charles IV
Mintage for Charles IV
Ferdinand VII
Copper coins of Ferdinand VII
The difficult survival of the first successful copper coin of Viceregal Mexico
Silver coinage of Ferdinand VII
Gold coinage of Ferdinand VII
Mintage of Ferdinand VII
Inquiries about the Castle and Rampant Lion Cuartillas
The fate of Mexican colonial coinage
The War for Independence
The First Issue of the Supreme Junta of Zitácuaro
The First Insurgent Issue : The LVO Series Of Zacatecas, 1810-1811
The Second Insurgent Issue: Real de Catorce 1811
Congreso Americano Proclamation 1811
Insurgent Cast Coinage - Supreme Junta Arms, Morelos and Lva, 1811-12
The SUD coinage of Morelos and a new SUD classification system
S.J.N.G. AMERICA Half Real 1813
A New Theory on *T*C* Sud Coinage: Tlalchapa, 1813
*T*C* SUDs
The unknown Independence coin stamping of Monterrey in 1814
1814 Guadalajara 1 Real: A Die Variety Study
Vicente Beristáin
Validation stamps of the War for Independence
Royalist Mint Casting Stamps
Royalist Counterstamps
Insurgent validation stamps
The Royalist mint in Durango
Durango and Chihuahua mint
Provisional Royalist Silver Coinage issued in Valladolid de Michoacán
Eight Reales of Zacatecas, 1810-22
Di Sotto In Su
The Missing Link of José María Morelos y Pavon: In search of the elusive 4 reales coin
Chronology of the Sombrerete 8 Reales and the First Issue of the Second Type
The first words of the Monclova Mint in 200 years!
National Congress 8 Reales Struck in Silver
The Texas Jola
Iturbide
The Coinage of Iturbide
Three varieties of the 1822 Iturbide 8 Reales
Some varieties for the 1/8 Real from Nueva Vizcaya during the Empire of Iturbide (1821-1823)
Iturbide Proclamation Medals
Republic Reales
Hooknecks
1824 Mo Hookneck ½ Real Eagle Die: addition to catalog
The Errors in the Minting of 8 Reales of 1824 in the Mint of Durango
Republican cuartilla (quarter real)
Republican medio real (half real)
Rarity Summary by Mint of Mexican Republic ½ Reales
Republican 1 Real
Republican 2 Reales
Republican 4 Reales
Early Hand on Book Half Escudo Gold Coins 1825-1870
Mexico's mints
The Alamos mint
Reales issues of the Alamos mint
The Culiacán mint
Reales issues of the Culiacán mint
The Culiacan Hat & Eagle
Culiacan mintage
The Chihuahua mint
Reales issues of the Chihuahua mint (silver)
Reales issues of the Chihuahua mint (gold)
The Durango mint
Assayers of the Durango mint
Reales issues of the Durango mint (¼ and ½ reales)
Reales issues of the Durango mint (1 and 2 reales)
Reales issues of the Durango mint (8 reales)
The Durango Mint Pattern 8 Reales of 1840
Initials on 8 Reales coins of the Durango Mint: 1842, 1848 and 1849
Reales issues of the Durango mint (gold)
The Durango 1836 Medio Escudo. – addition to the catalog
Estado de México mint
Issues of the Estado de México mint
Francisco Lelo de Larrea, Forgotten Assayer of the Tlalpan Mint
The Guadalajara mint
The Spurious Guadalajara Coinage of 1860
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (¼ and ½ real)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (1 real)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (2 reales)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (4 reales)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (8 reales)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (gold)
The Guadalupe y Calvo mint
Issues of the Guadalupe y Calvo mint (copper and silver)
Issues of the Guadalupe y Calvo mint (gold)
The Guanajuato mint
Reales issues of the Guanajuato mint (silver ¼, ½, 1 and 2 reales)
Reales issues of the Guanajuato mint (silver 4 reales)
Reales issues of the Guanajuato mint (silver 8 reales)
Reales issues of the Guanajuato mint (gold)
'A Mint for Mexico': Boulton, Watt and the Guanajuato Mint
Patterns, Pretensions, and the Guanajuato Mint
The Willian Wyon Pattern 8 Reales
The Hermosillo mint
Reales issues of the Hermosillo mint (silver)
"Illegal” 8 reales from Hermosillo
Reales issues of the Hermosillo mint (gold)
The Mexico City mint
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (¼ and ½ reales)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (1 real)
Reales issues of the Guadalajara mint (2 reales)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (4 reales)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (8 reales)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (½ escudo)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (1 escudo)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (2 and 4 escudos)
Reales issues of the Mexico City mint (8 escudos)
The Oaxaca mint
Reales issues of the Oaxaca mint
The Eight Reales Coinage of Oaxaca: 1861-1864
Early Die Lineage of the First Oaxaca Mint
The Oaxaca 8 Reales of 1870
The Real de Catorce mint
The San Luis Potosí mint
Reales issues of the San Luis Potosí mint (¼, ½, 1 and 2 reales)
Reales issues of the San Luis Potosí mint (4 reales)
Reales issues of the San Luis Potosí mint (8 reales)
The Zacatecas mint
Reales issues of the Zacatecas mint (¼, ½, 1 and 2 reales)
Reales issues of the Zacatecas mint (4 reales)
Reales issues of the Zacatecas mint (8 reales)
Reales issues of the Zacatecas mint (gold)
Philippines Overstrikes and Countermarks: Concerning Mexican Coins
Mexican 8 Reales and their use Between America and Japan
State and Federal copper coinage
Overview of State and Federal Copper and Brass Coinage (1824 – 1872)
Improved Assessment of the Mintage of Mexican Copper Coinage of the Nineteenth Century
Republic of Mexico
Chihuahua
Native Identity and Independence on the Chihuahua Coppers of the First Republic
Durango
Guanajuato
The Illiterate Engraver of Guanajuato
Jalisco
Occidente
San Luis Potosí
Real de Catorce
Sinaloa
Sonora
Copper coins in Sonora
Quintín Douglas and Sinaloa Cuartillas made at the Hermosillo Mint
Zacatecas
1838 proofs
Maximilian
The Coinage of Emperor Maximilian
Issues
Varieties of the One Centavo
The clashed ear Maximilian peso, 1866 San Luis Potosí
Maximilian's Execution
Counterfeits
Republic Decimal Coinage
The Genesis of the First Mexican Cent of 1841
The implementation of the decimal system in Mexico
Mintage Data for Mexican Gold Coins (1875-1879)
Mexico’s Nickel Riots of 1883
The curious case cf Mexico’s 1888 50 Centavos
On the Authenticity of the 1899 Mexican One Centavo
Ludwig Christian Lauer’s 2c specimens
Decimal issues of the Alamos mint
Decimal issues of the Chihuahua mint
Decimal issues of the Culiacán mint (copper and silver)
Decimal issues of the Culiacán mint (gold)
Decimal issues of the Durango mint
Decimal issues of the Durango mint (gold)
Decimal issues of the Guadalajara mint
Decimal issues of the Guanajuato mint (copper and silver)
Decimal issues of the Guanajuato mint (gold)
Decimal issues of the Hermosillo mint
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (copper 1 centavo)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (copper nickel coins)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (silver 5 centavos)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (silver 10 centavos)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (silver 20, 25 and 50 centavos)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (silver one peso)
Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint (gold)
Decimal issues of the Oaxaca mint
A closer look at the Oaxaca one centavo series
Decimal issues of the San Luis Potosí mint
Decimal issues of the Zacatecas mint (copper and silver)
Decimal issues of the Zacatecas mint (gold)
Chopmarks
The China Trade
Chopmarks on Mexican Silver: Four Centuries of Trade
The Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution
Aguascalientes
Chihuahua
Hidalgo del Parral
Counterfeit Parral “Bolita” Silver 1 Peso (1913)
Ejército del Norte
Counterfeit silver Ejército del Norte $1 (1915)
Ejército Constitucionalista
The Sevilla-Villa medal
Durango
Legends and evidence of the minting of the Muera Huerta coin
Known examples of the early ‘Muera Huerta’ pattern
Estado de Durango large-numeral 1-centavo
Report of a new Die for the Durango 1 Centavo 1914
1914 "Denver" 1 Centavo and 5 Centavos
Study of 1914 "Denver" 1 Centavo and 5 Centavos
Guerrero
A new find in the Guerrero Dos Pesos Series
Atlixtac
Cacahuatepec
Cacalotepec
Campo Morado
Campo Morado Fifty-Cent Pieces
Chilpancingo
Suriana
Taxco
Counterfeit 50c Taxco (1915)
Hidalgo
Proposal for 20c coins
Jalisco
Revolutionary Mexico - Study Of The 1915 Jalisco 2 Centavos Varieties
Estado de Jalisco, 5-centavo Pattern
“Ejército Del Norte” Peso (1914–1915) - An Extremely Rare Revolutionary Pattern
Estado de México
Revolutionary Mexico-Study of the Amecameca 20 Centavos
Amecameca, 25c in brass
Counterfeit Amecameca Copper 25 Centavos
Morelos
Oaxaca
Obverse Busts of the Revolutionary Coinage of Oaxaca (1915-1916)
Estado de Oaxaca Dos Pesos: additions to the catalogue
60 pesos gold
Counterfeit “Provisio” Copper 3 Centavos (1915)
Puebla
Sinaloa
Tabasco
The 1935 Tabasco Muera Calles 1 Peso
Zacatecas
Modern coinage
The Coinage Reform of 1905
A Practical Study of the Decrees of the 20th Century Coinage
One centavo coins
1915 Zapatista One Centavo
The Enigmatic Revolutionary 1-Centavo . . .
Two centavos coins
Five centavos coins (1905-1976)
Study of the Nickel 5 Centavos (1905-1914)
Ten centavos coins (1905-1980)
Twenty centavos (1905-1984)
1907 20c - the Mexico coin made in the New Orleans Mint
Study Of The Francisco Madero 20 Centavos (1974-1983)
Twentyfive centavos
Fifty centavos coins (1905-1983)
One peso coins (1910-1987)
Why was there no new Peso until 1910?
Mexico’s Caballito Peso
A guide to the Caballito
1933… A very interesting year for the Mexico Silver Peso
The One Peso 1984 "ra" Engraver Initials
Two peso coins (1919-1948)
The Face of an Angel
The 2½ pesos
Five pesos (1905-1988)
Ten pesos coins (1905-1988)
Twenty pesos coins (1917-1990)
Twenty-five pesos coins
Fifty peso coins (1921-1992)
One hundred pesos (1977-1992)
Two hundred pesos coins
Five hundred pesos coins
One thousand pesos coins
Five thousand pesos coins
The Coinage Reform of 1992
Five centavos coins (1992- )
Ten centavos coins (1992- )
Twenty centavos coins (1992- )
Fifty centavos coins (1992- )
One peso coins (1992- )
Two pesos coins (1992- )
Five pesos coins (1992- )
Bicentennial of the War of Independence
Centennial of the Mexican Revolution
Ten pesos coins (1992- )
Fifty pesos coins (1993- )
Twenty pesos coins (1993- )
Commemorative $20 coins
One hundred pesos coins (2003 - )
Mexican Federation Series 1
Mexican Federation Series 2
Non-circulating legal tender coins
Non-circulating legal tender coins
Pre-Columbian Collections
¼ ounce and ½ ounce coins
Pre-Columbian Series – Aztec Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (Uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series – Central Veracruz Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (Uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series – Mayan Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (Uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series – Olmec Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series – Teotihuacan Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (Uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series – Toltec Collection – Silver 1 Oz. (Uncirculated & Proof)
Pre-Columbian Series - Silver 1 Oz. - Summary
5-ounce coins of the Pre-Columbian Collections
Gold coins of the Pre-Columbian Collections
The Ibero-American Series
The Endangered Species Collection
Mexican Federation Series 1
Numismatic Heritage of Mexico Series
Bullion coinage
Silver Bullion coinage
Study of Mexico’s Pre-libertad Silver Onzas (1949, 1978-1980)
Gold Bullion coinage
Libertads
The Pillar/Coining Press Medal and its Historical Background
Platinum Coins and Medals in Mexico
Medals
Proclamation medals
Philip V Proclamation medals
Louis I Proclamation medals
Ferdinand VI Proclamation medals
A Trial Strike for Mexico’s Ferdinand VI Proclamation Medal
An Unknown Proclamation Medal of Valladolid de Michoacán: Fernando VI(1747)
Charles III Proclamation medals
The Mystery of the Zapoteca Indian Gold Proclamation
An Unknown Proclamation Medal of Valladolid de Michoacán: Carlos III (1762)
Charles IV Proclamation medals
The Proclamation Medals of Charles IV in Valladolid de Michoacán
Los Mineros, Guanajuato 1790, Charles IV
Ferdinand VII
The Consulate of Mexico
Gerónimo Antonio Gil
A rare and important Mexican Colonial medal
Proof Re-Strike and Mule Proclamation Medals
The 1810 Monte de las Cruces medal
The Naval Battle of Campeche
Rovira's medals: Michael de Santa María 1836, Santa Anna 1842 and the Centralist Constitution of 1843
The Sydney Emden Medal
The Face of an Angel
Mines of San Miguel, Batopilas
Tokens
The 1611 “Peso De Minas
Store-Cards or Tokens
Store tokens from Jalisco
Store tokens from Mexico City
Store tokens from Veracruz
Early Hacienda tokens
Hacienda tokens from Guanajuato (earlier)
Hacienda tokens from Michoacán (earlier)
Hacienda tokens from Veracruz (earlier)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatan (earlier)
Hacienda tokens from Zacatecas (earlier)
Later Hacienda Tokens
Hacienda tokens from Aguascalientes (later)
Hacienda tokens from Campeche (later)
Tokens from Chiapas coffee plantations
Hacienda tokens from Chihuahua
Hacienda tokens from Coahuila (later)
Hacienda tokens from Durango (later)
Hacienda tokens from Guanajuato
Hacienda tokens from Jalisco (later)
Hacienda tokens from Nayarit (later)
Hacienda tokens from Michoacán (later)
Hacienda tokens from Morelos (later)
Hacienda tokens from Nuevo León
Hacienda tokens from Oaxaca
Hacienda tokens from San Luis Potosí (later)
Hacienda tokens from Sinaloa (later)
Hacienda tokens from Sonora (later)
Hacienda tokens from Tabasco
Hacienda tokens from Veracruz (later)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (later)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (western Yucatán)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (around Mérida)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (central Yucatán)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (northern Yucatán)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (eastern Yucatán)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (Eusebio Escalante Bates and family)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (Olegario Molina)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (C. Camara)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (the Duarte family)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (the Gamboa family)
Hacienda tokens from Yucatán (the Peón family)
Hacienda tokens from Zacatecas (later)
Mining tokens
Mining tokens from Baja California
Mining Tokens from Chiapas
Mining tokens from Chihuahua
Mining tokens from Durango
Mining tokens from Querétaro
Mining tokens from San Luis Potosí
Mining tokens from Sinaloa
Mining tokens from Sonora
Municipal tokens
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Campeche
At the lack of Pesos, Cachuca Coins: The Particular Case of Chiapas.
Municipal coinage of Coahuila
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Colima
Municipal coinage from Guanajuato
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Jalisco
Municipal tokens of Michoacán
Rediscovery of two Zamora Municipal Tokens
Municipal coinage of Zamora, Michoacán
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Querétaro
Municipal tokens (coinage) of San Luis Potosí
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Sonora
The Sonora jola
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Veracruz
Municipal tokens (coinage) from Zacatecas
Other tokens
Other tokens from Aguascalientes
Tokens from Baja California Norte
Other tokens from Baja California del Sur
Other tokens from Campeche
Other tokens from Chiapas
Other tokens from Chihuahua - Ciudad Juárez bars
Other tokens from Chihuahua
Other tokens from Coahuila
Other tokens from Durango
Other tokens from the Estado de México
Other tokens from Guanajuato
Other tokens from Guerrero
Other tokens from Hidalgo
Other tokens from Jalisco
Tokens from Mexico City
Other tokens from Michoacán
Tokens from Nuevo León
Tokens from Oaxaca
Other tokens from Puebla
Other tokens from Queretaro
Other tokens from San Luis Potosí
Other tokens from Sinaloa
Tokens from Sonora - bars and clubs
Tokens from Sonora - others
Other tokens from Tamaulipas
Other tokens from Veracruz
Other tokens from Yucatán
Other tokens from Zacatecas
Countermarked coins
Privately countermarked coins
The Bank of England Countermarked Dollars, 1797-1804
Countermarked coins used in Scotland
Countermarked coins used in England
Countermarked coins used in Ireland
Documents
Carlos and Joanna
Cédula and Ordenanzas on the Mexico City mint, Madrid, 11 May 1535
Decree that the coin that is taken from Spain to the Indies should circulate as it does in Spain, Madrid, Spain, 31 May 1535
Cedula authorising Viceroy to mint 8 reales, Monzon, 18 November 1537
Mendoza, authorises maravedis, Mexico City, 28 June 1542
Pillar coinage
Ordinance on the mints, Madrid, 9 June 1728
Ordinance for minting coins, their fineness and essays, the Ministers and Operatives of the mints, and their obligations, salaries and rights, Cazalla, 16 July 1730 (known as the Ordenzas de Cazalla)
Juan de Acuña, Viceroy, on the new coinage, Mexico, 23 December 1732
Bust or portrait coinage
Secret order to reduce the fineness of gold and silver coins, Madrid, 18 March 1771
Charles III on the design of the new coinage, Aranguez, 29 May 1772
Antonio María Bucareli y Ursúa, governor, on design of the Bust coinage, Mexico City, 2 January 1772
Agreement on tlacos, San Luis Potosi, 30 July 1779
Martín de Mayorga, governor, recalls coins erroneously dated 1872, Mexico City, 11 January 1782
Agreement to issue tlacos, San Luis Potosí, 12 February 1790
The Conde de Revilla Gigedo, Viceroy, orders the minting of cuartillas, Mexico City, 3 March 1794
The War for Independence
Nemesio Salcedo y Salcedo authorises Sombrerete, Durango and Chihuahua to make provisional issues, Chihuahua, 25 January 1811
Calleja del Rey, Viceroy, on Zacatecas coinage, Zacatecas, 3 May 1811
José María Morelos authorises issue of coinage, Tixtla, 13 July 1811
Manuel Merino y Moreno, Intendent, forbids the circulation of certain coins, Valladolid, 23 December 1811
Manuel Merino y Moreno forbids the circulation of Insurgent coins, Valladolid, 16 June 1812
José María Liceaga, on the value of copper coinage, San Luis de la Paz, 30 September 1812
Manuel Merino y Moreno authorises the minting of provisional coinage to pay his troops, Valladolid, 11 March 1813
José María Cos on Liceaga's coinage, La Venta, 16 March 1813
José Domínguez, complaint about the suffering caused by the lack of coinage, Valladolid, 30 July 1814
Calleja del Rey, Viceroy, authorises copper coinage, Mexico City, 23 August 1814
Iturbide
Iturbide decrees issue of coinage, Mexico City, 11 June 1822
The Junta Nacional Instituyente proposes creation of $500,000 in copper coinage, Mexico City, 23 January 1823
State and Federal copper coinage
José María Gaxiola, governor, on cuartillas, Alamos, 19 December 1828
Congress authorizes 600,000 pesos in copper coins to redeem the colonial coppers, Mexico City, 28 March 1829
Ignacio Bustamante, vice president, decree on copper coinage, Mexico City, 26 March 1830
Miguel Cervantes, governor, relays Bustamante’s decree, Mexico City, 5 April 1830
Manuel Escalante y Arvizu, governor, decree núm. 2 authorises minting of $20,000 in copper cuartillas, Arizpe, 14 April 1834
José Justo Corro, interim president, on withdrawing copper coinage and punishing counterfeiters, Mexico City, 12 July 1836
José Justo Corro, interim president, establishes a Banco Nacional, Mexico City, 17 January 1837
Francisco García Conde, governor, relays José Justo Corro’s decree on a Banco Nacional, Mexico City, 18 January 1837
José Justo Corro, interim president, on value of copper coinage, Mexico City, 7 March 1837
Luis Gonzaga Vieyra, governor, relays Corro’s decree on value of copper coinage, Mexico City, 9 March 1837
Manuel María Gándara, governor, reduces the value of the copper coinage, Hermosillo, 23 July 1837
Regulations for the Comisión de Amortización de la Moneda de Cobre, Hermosillo, 23 July 1837
Anastasio Bustamante, president, decree on amortising copper coinage, Mexico City, 1 July 1841
Felipe Codallos, governor, replays Bustamante’s decree on amortising copper coinage, Puebla, 6 July 1841
Antonio López de Santa-Anna, provisional president, decrees a new coinage of ⅛ real, Mexico City, 24 November 1841
Contract with the mint at Culiacán for copper coinage, Culiacán, 5 May 1859
Addition to contract with mint at Culiacán, Culiacán, 13 May 1859
José Antonio Heredia orders the minting of cuartillas, Durango, 17 May 1859
Luis Terrazas, governor, authorises copper coinage, Chihuahua, 13 December 1860
Article in La Estrella del Occidente on copper coinage, Ures Sonora, 13 March 1863
Ignacio Pesqueira, establishes a fund for the amortization of copper, Hermosillo, 19 May 1863
Benito Juárez, president, orders minting of $70,000 in copper coins, Chihuahua, 1 January 1865
Benito Juárez, president, orders a further $40,000 in copper coins, Chihuahua, 7 March 1865
Ignacio Pesqueira, governor, decrees forced loan to amortise copper coinage, Hermosillo, 19 June 1867
Benito Juárez establishes regulations for amortizing the Chihuahuan copper currency, Mexico City, 20 August 1868
Regulations for the amortisation of copper coinage, Chihuahua, 9 October 1868
Tomas Borrego, governor, orders ¼ reales to be minted, Durango, 27 January 1872
Porfirio Díaz withdraws copper coinage, etc., Mexico City, 30 November 1899
Republic Reales
Decree on national coat of arms and flag, 14 April 1823
Soberano Congreso decree on new designs for coinage, Mexico City, 1 August 1823
Contract for the Guanajuato Mint, Guanajuato, 31 May 1825
Decree núm. 47 establishes mint in Estado de México, Mexico City, 1 July 1825
Melchor Muzquiz, governor, relays decree núm. 47, Mexico City, 1 July 1825
Estado de Occidente authorises Ricardo Extér to establish a mint, El Fuerte, 29 September 1825
Decree núm. 45 to establish a mint, Texcoco, 26 May 1827
Decree núm. 112 closes mint, Tlalpam, 29 May 1830
Meeting to discuss establishing a mint, 10 January, Culiacán, 10 January 1835
Manuel Escalante y Arvizu, governor, decree núm. 74, authorising establishment of a mint in Hermosillo, Arizpe, 16 July 1835
Manuel Escalante y Arvizu, letter to the Ministro de Hacienda re minting coins in Hermosillo, Arizpe, 25 January 1836
Circular on suspension of circulation of silver coinage, Arizpe, 29 January 1836
Contract for leasing the Guanajuato mint, Mexico City, 13 December 1841
Antonio López de Santa Anna authorises establishment of a mint in Oaxaca, Mexico City, 16 July 1842
José Delmotte, Compañía de Minas de Guadalupe y Calvo, proposes establishing a mint in Culiacán, Mexico City, 3 October 1842
Antonio López de Santa-Anna grants a lease for a mint in Guadalupe y Calvo, 3 October 1842
Nicolás Bravo, President, agrees to establish a mint in Culiacán, Mexico City, 4 March 1843
Antonio López de Santa Anna, president, orders the minting of silver cuartillas, Mexico City, 4 May 1843
Contract for Durango mint, Durango, 19 February 1845
Benito Juárez, governor, decree núm. 49 on Oaxaca mint, Oaxaca, 1 October 1849
José de Aguilar, report on the Hermosillo mint, Ures, 31 October 1849
Mariano Arista, president, orders reestablishment of Hermosillo mint, Mexico City, 29 April 1852
Contract between Jecker, Torre Cia and the government to lease the Guanajuato and Zacatecas mints, Mexico City, March 1853
Benito Juárez, governor of Oacaxa, letter to Minister of Finance, Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, Oaxaca, 7 June 1856
Decree on Oaxaca mint, Oaxaca, 25 March 1858
Miguel María Azcárate. governor, prohibits circulation of coins minted in Tejupilco, Mexico City, 25 August 1858
Circular that imperial and non-decimal coins should still continue in legal circulation, Mexico City, 21 August 1868
Ignacio R. Alatorre, governor, establishes rates of exchange for various currencies, Puebla, 15 June 1872
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada, President, brings back the eight reales design, Mexico City, 29 May 1873
V. Mariscal, governor, relays Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada’s approval of contract for Hermosillo, Alamos and Culiacán mints, Ures, 13 November 1876
Ignacio Romero Várgas, governor, relays Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada’s decree, Puebla, 11 June 1873
Porfirio Díaz, president, on collecting and recoining the old currency, Mexico City, 4 June 1888
Circular núm. 25 on amortising and recoining old coinage, Mexico City, 13 March 1889
Porfirio Díaz, President, closes the Culiacán and Zacatecas mints, Mexico City, 31 March 1905
Maximilian
The Regency's decree on minting a new issue of coins, Mexico City, 8 April 1864
Maximilian decrees new coinage, Mexico City, 10 April 1865
Maximilian authorises Félix Gibert to establish a mint in Baja California, Mexico City, 24 August 1866
Republic Decimal Coinage
Ignacio Comonfort, President, adopts the metric system. Mexico City, 15 March 1857
Benito Juárez, president, adopts metric system, Mexico City, 15 March 1861
Terán, circular núm. 165 on metric system. Mexico City, 27 December 1862
Benito Juárez, President, authorises 5c and 10c coins, San Luis Potosí, 26 October 1863
Benito Juárez, president, on reforming the currency, Mexico City, 27 November 1867
Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada puts the monetary reforms into effect, Mexico City, 30 May 1873
Manuel González, President, authorise nickel coinage, Mexico City, 12 December 1881
Manuel González, President, withdraws nickel coinage, Mexico City, 12 December 1883
Porfirio Díaz, president, extends period for amortisation of old coinage, Mexico City, 16 December 1884
Porfirio Díaz, president, on copper coinage, Mexico City, 10 May 1886
Carlos Pacheco, Secretario de Fomento, grants Fernando Sáyago contract to establish an Oficina Central de Grabado, Mexico City, 25 August 1886
Francisco Espinosa, on withdrawing coinage of old system, Mexico City, 20 July 1888
Porfirio Díaz, president, extends time-limit for withdrawal of copper coinage, Mexico City, 12 December 1892
Porfirio Díaz, president, orders the surrender of leases for mints, Mexico City, 19 December 1892
Circular núm. 22 on amortisation of copper coinage, Mexico City, 26 January 1893
Porfirio Díaz, president, withdraws 25c coins from circulation, Mexico City, 1 June 1893
Leocardio Preve, governor, relays Diáz decree withdrawing 25c coins, Campeche, 22 June 1893
Porfirio Díaz on the design of the 20c and $1 coins, Mexico City, 29 May 1897
Modern coinage
Ley monetaria, Mexico City, 25 March 1905
Porfirio Díaz establishes the Comisión de Cambios y Moneda, Mexico City, 3 April 1905
Disposition on emblems, legends and other requirements for the national coinage, Mexico City, 5 April 1905
Circular authorising the Caballito peso, Mexico City, 27 December 1909
Venustiano Carranza authorises $20 gold coins, Mexico City, 27 June 1917
Regulations for $20 gold coins, Mexico City, 1 August 1917
Venustiano Carranza, President, authorises $2.00 and $2.50 gold coins, Mexico City, 31 October 1918
Venustiano Carranza reduces silver content of coinage, Mexico City, 13 November 1918
Venustiano Carranza decrees new 20c, 50c and $1 coins and alters the design of the $2 coin, Querétaro, 27 October 1919
Venustiano Carranza decrees new bronze 20c coin, Mexico City, 7 January 1920
Alvaro Obregón authorises $50 coin to celebrate Mexico’s Independence, Mexico City, 14 September 1921
Alvaro Obregón authorises $2 coin to celebrate Mexico’s Independence, Mexico City, 22 September 1921
Plutarco Elías Calles authorises a new silver 10c coin, the “décimo”, Mexico City, 29 April 1925
Lázaro Cárdenas changes characteristics of 50c coins, Mexico City, 22 May 1935
Lázaro Cárdenas modifies Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 26 March 1936
Lázaro Cárdenas authorises 5c and 10c cupronickel coins, Mexico City, 26 March 1936
Manuel Avila Camacho authorises 5c bronze coinage , Mexico City, 28 December 1942
Manuel Avila Camacho modifies Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 29 December 1942
Manuel Avila Camacho authorises 20c bronze coinage, Mexico City, 3 August 1943
Manuel Avila Camacho modifies the Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 3 August 1943
Miguel Alemán reforms Ley Monetaria and authorises new 50c, $1 and $5 coins, Mexico City, 11 September 1947
Miguel Aleman gives designs of new coins, Mexico City, 29 December 1949
Miguel Alemán reforms Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 29 December 1949
Miguel Alemán authorises new $5 coins, Mexico City, 27 October 1950
Miguel Alemán, President, authorises $5 coin commemorating the Ferrocarril del Sureste, Mexico City, 27 October 1950
Miguel Alemán changes the characteristics of 5c and 20c coins, Mexico City, 29 December 1950
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines modifies the Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 13 September 1955
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines gives characteristics of the new coinage, Mexico City, 13 September 1955
Adolfo Ruz Cortines modifies Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 26 December 1956
Adolfo Ruz Cortines gives characteristics of new coins, Mexico City, 26 December 1956
Adolfo López Mateos authorises $5 coins commemorating Carranza, Mexico City, 19 December 1959
Adolfo López Mateo modifies Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 27 December 1963
Adolfo López Mateo on design of new 25c and 50c coins, Mexico City, 27 December 1963
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz authorises $25 Olympic Games coins, Mexico City, 23 December 1966
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz reforms the Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 27 December 1969
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz give characteristics of the new coinage, Mexico City, 27 December 1969
Adolfo López Mateos changes the format of 25c and 50c coins, Mexico City, 27 December 1973
Luis Echeverria Alvarez on characteristics of 10c, 20c and $10 coins, Mexico City, 29 December 1973
José López Portillo authorises new $100 coins, Mexico City, 30 December 1976
José López Portillo gives specifications of $5 and $20 coins, Mexico City, 27 December 1979
José López Portillo gives specifications of 20c, 50c and $1 coins, Mexico City, 31 December 1979
José López Portillo gives specifications for smaller value coins, Mexico City, 21 December 1981
José López Portillo gives specifications of $50 coin, Mexico City, 21 December 1981
José López Portillo modifies Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 22 December 1981
Miguel de la Madrid modifies the coinage, Mexico City, 9 November 1983
Miguel de la Madrid authorises coins to commemorate Independence and the Mexican Revolution, Mexico City, 29 December 1984
Miguel de la Madrid changes the design of Independence and Revolution commemoratives, Mexico City, 19 December 1985
Miguel de la Madrid modifies the coinage, Mexico City, 19 December 1985
Miguel de la Madrid authorises coins celebrating the 1986 World Cup, Mexico City, 19 December 1985
Miguel de la Madrid, president, reforms inciso b) of article 2 of the Ley Monetaria, Mexico City, 22 October 1987
Miguel de la Madrid, president, gives characteristics of $1,000 coin, Mexico City, 22 October 1987
Miguel de la Madrid authorises coin to celebrate Oil Nationalisation, Mexico City, 21 December 1987
Carlos Salinas de Gortari authorises “Save The Children” coinage, Mexico City, 16 July 1990
Carlos Salinas de Gortari decrees reform of the currency, Mexico City, 21 June 1992
Carlos Salinas de Gortari decrees the specifications for the new coinage, Mexico City, 21 June 1992
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León authorises coins commemorating the new millenium, Mexico City, 3 January 2000
Vicente Fox Quesada authorises $100 coin commemorating Benito Juárez, Mexico City, 10 October 2005
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa authorises $20 coin commemorating Octavio Paz' Nobel Prize, Mexico City, 24 January 2011
Enrique Peña Nieto, President, authorises $20 coin commemorating the Centennial of the Mexican Army, Mexico City, 26 March 2013
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating Belisario Domínguez, Mexico City, 26 March 2013
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating the "Heroic Gesture" at Veracruz, Mexico City, 1 April 2014
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating Villa's capture of Zacatecas, Mexico City, 21 May 2014
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating the Mexican Air Force, Mexico City, 18 May 2015
Enrique Peña Nieto, President, authorises $20 coin commemorating José María Morelos, Mexico City, 26 October 2015
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating 1917 Constitution, Mexico City, 27 May 2016
Enrique Peña Nieto authorises $20 coin commemorating 50th anniversary of the application of the Plan Marina, Mexico City, 18 June 2018
Andrés Manuel López Obrador authorises $20 coin commemorating the founding of Veracruz, Mexico City, 24 July 2019
Andrés Manuel López Obrador authorises $20 coin commemorating the death of Zapata, Mexico City, 5 January 2021
Andrés Manuel López Obrador authorises $20 coin commemorating bicentenary of the Mexican Navy, Mexico City, 26 April 2022
Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President, authorises $20 coin commemorating the Military Academy, Mexico City, 28 April 2023
Claudia Sheinbaum, president, decree on characteristics of $10 coins, Mexico City, 10 December 2025
Non-circulating legal tender coins
Carlos Salinas de Gotari, president, authorises first tranche of Pre-Columbian collections, Mexico City, 16 December 1991
Carlos Salinas de Gotari, President, updates denominations for Pre-columbian Collections, Mexico City, 24 June 1993
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, President, authorises additional Pre-Columbian collections, Mexico City, 21 May 1996
Bullion coinage
José López Portillo gives specifications for onzas, Mexico City, 21 December 1981
Miguel de la Madrid authorises the minting of platinum coinage, Mexico City, 19 December 1985
Carlos Salinas de Gotari, changes the characteristics of Libertads. Mexico City, 28 December 1989
The Mexican Revolution
José Inés Dávila, governor, decree núm. 2 authorises issue, Oaxaca, 19 February 1915
Benito Díaz Sánchez, governor, decree núm. 10 on minting low-value coinage, Aguascalientes, 18 June 1915
Report on coins minted in Aguascalientes in 1915
Francisco Lagos Cházaro authorises reduced-size 1c and 2c coins, Mexico City, 29 June 1915
José Inés Dávila, governor, decree núm. 5 increases issue, Oaxaca, 10 July 1915
José Inés Dávila, governor, decree núm. 18 authorises issue, Oaxaca, 12 January 1916
Tokens
A call for countermarked dollars, Greenock, Scotland, 23 December 1803
Juan Nepomuceno Sanchéz authorised to issue 16,000 cuartillas, Saltillo, 14 May 1812
Act prohibiting the circulation of silver and copper tokens, London, England 26 November 1813
Act prohibiting the circulation of tokens, London, 17 June 1817
José Toribio de Alcala authorised to issue 16,000 cuartillas, Saltillo
José Antonio Pereyra authorised to issue 16,000 cuartillas, Saltillo,
Lauro Carrillo, governor, relays Porfirio Díaz withdraws copper coinage, etc., Chihuahua, 16 December 1889
Rosendo Márquez, governor, relays Porfirio Díaz withdraws copper coinage, etc., Puebla, 21 December 1889
Manuel Carracosa, governor, relays Porfirio Díaz withdraws copper coinage, etc., San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, 27 December 1889
Simon Sarlat, governor, relays Porfirio Díaz withdraws copper coinage, etc., San Juan Bautista, 16 January 1890
Salvador Colorado, Jefe Político, reminds of the withdrawal of copper coinage, San Juan Bautista, 22 July 1890
Manuel Mirus. Jefe Político, reminds of the withdrawal of copper coinage, Puebla, 22 May 1891
Eduardo G. Pankhurst, Secretario General, circular núm. 2 on prohibition of fichas, Zacatecas, 27 February 1907
José María Ponce de León, Oficial Mayor, circular núm. 12 on private issue, Chihuahua, 18 September 1908
Guillermo Porras, Secretario de Gobierno, circular núm. 1 on use of fichas, etc. Chihuahua, 30 March 1909
Eutherio Avila, governor, circular setting timelimit for withdrawing transport tokens etc. from circulation, Mérida, 4 November 1914
Toribio V. de los Santos, governor, decree núm. 70 abolishes peonage, Mérida, 8 February 1915
Estebán Cantu, governor, decree núm. 4. reiterates Article 123 of the Constitution, Ensenada, 14 June 1917
H. Espinosa Naranjo, Secretario General, circular núm. 75 to presidentes municipales on use of fichas, Ciudad Victoria, 9 May 1919
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Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint
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Decimal issues of the Mexico City mint
